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161.
Yu Y Schleicher N Norra S Fricker M Dietze V Kaminski U Cen K Stüben D 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):334-346
Systematic sampling and analysis were performed to investigate the dynamics and the origin of suspended particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)), in Beijing, China from 2005 to 2008. Identifying the source of PM(2.5) was the main goal of this project, which was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The concentrations of 19 elements, black carbon (BC) and the total mass in 158 weekly PM(2.5) samples were measured. The statistical evaluation of the data from factor analysis (FA) identifies four main sources responsible for PM(2.5) in Beijing: (1) a combination of long-range transport geogenic soil particles, geogenic-like particles from construction sites and the anthropogenic emissions from steel factories; (2) road traffic, industry emissions and domestic heating; (3) local re-suspended soil particles; (4) re-suspended particles from refuse disposal/landfills and uncontrolled dumped waste. Special attention has been paid to seven high concentration "episodes", which were further analyzed by FA, enrichment factor analysis (EF), elemental signatures and backward-trajectory analysis. These results suggest that long-range transport soil particles contribute much to the high concentration of PM(2.5) during dust days. This is supported by mineral analysis which showed a clear imprint of component in PM(2.5). Furthermore, the ratios of Mg/Al have been proved to be a good signature to trace back different source areas. The Pb/Ti ratio allows the distinction between periods of predominant anthropogenic and geogenic sources during high concentration episodes. Backward-trajectory analysis clearly shows the origins of these episodes, which partly corroborate the FA and EF results. This study is only a small contribution to the understanding of the meteorological and source driven dynamics of PM(2.5) concentrations. 相似文献
162.
农村生活污水处理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
农村城市化发展迅速,而农村水污染情况日益严重,已对农村地区的水体、土地等自然环境产生严重影响。为建立和谐新农村,保障农村生活质量提高,缩小城乡差距,必须重视农村水源安全。本文就农村生活污水处理技术进行讨论,为农村发展提供参考。 相似文献
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Chávez-Sánchez María-Cristina Abad-Rosales Selene Lozano-Olvera Rodolfo Montoya-Rodríguez Leobardo Franco-Nava Miguel Ángel Mejía-Ruíz Claudio Humberto Pestryakov Alexey Bogdanchikova Nina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):8224-8234
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological alterations in juvenile Penaeus vannamei caused by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for... 相似文献
166.
Watershed ordinances in Austin, Texas, USA, are intended to protect streams from stormwater degradation. Their adequacy is
being questioned, however, where development is advancing into the Hill Country northwest and southwest of the city. Detailed
investigation into hillslope runoff reveals that several important facts were overlooked in the ordinances, including locally
high infiltration rates and drainage basins, which function as partial area systems. As a result, development planning is
not taking advantage of the natural mitigation potential of the land. Roads cut across infiltration and moisture retention
areas on side slopes, enlarging the partial area system feeding streams with stormflows. In addition, most residential planning
is not responsive to the stepped microtopography of Hill Country drainage basins and the critical scale at which local runoff
processes operate. Recommendations include adjusting the scale and configuration of development to conform with local runoff
processes and features and taking advantage of the water-absorbing capacities of basin side slopes. The lesson for ordinance
writers is that standard models of community stormwater ordinances are not appropriate for all terrains, especially complex
ones like the Texas Hill Country. 相似文献
167.
Spatial information in ecosystem service assessment: data applicability in the cascade model context
Harri Tolvanen Mia Rönkä Petteri Vihervaara Matti Kamppinen Céline Arzel Nina Aarras 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(3):350-367
Spatial information and geographical information systems (GISs) are widely used in ecosystem service research, but both the information and the methods need to be properly understood in order to make coherent analyses. We discuss the practical challenges of incorporating spatial data to ecosystem service assessment in an agricultural landscape and apply the ecosystem service cascade model to put different data into context. We review the prerequisites and practices for successful ‘ecosystem service GIS’ and provide a structured view of the information and data needed in the assessment of ecosystem services at a regional scale. Due to the heterogeneity of the spatial data, the regional characteristics should be considered in environmental decision-making through ethnographic research on local expertise to make optimal choices in using spatial information. 相似文献